生物质热解多联产在北方农村清洁供暖中的适用性评价

Applicability evaluation of biomass pyrolytic poly-generation technology on clean heating in northern rural of China

推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖,关系北方地区广大群众温暖过冬,关系雾霾天能不能减少。该文在总结中国北方农村地区采暖现状的基础上,阐释了清洁采暖的现实问题和基本需求。归纳梳理了生物质热解多联产的技术特征和主要多联产模式。在此基础上,提出了以生物质热解多联产技术为核心,适合中国北方农村地区清洁供暖的技术路径与应用模式,对各模式技术可行性、经济可行性和环境影响等进行了分析。研究结果表明,现有经济技术条件下,生物质热解多联产适用于北方地区农村清洁供暖,尤其适合优先示范推广以自然村或新型农村社区为单位的小型集中或分散供暖,200户左右的自然村供暖项目初投资一般不超过300万元,投资回收期为4~5 a。该研究为破解北方地区农村清洁取暖问题提供了新思路、新途径。

Using the clean energy heating in northern rural area is an important content of the energy production and consumption revolution and rural life style revolution.It concerns whether people in the northern rural area could get warmer in winter or fog day could be reduced in the heating season.Differ from the urban,heating in the northern rural area is dispersive.Poor heating infrastructure,low energy utilization rate and serious pollution emissions are all outstanding issues in heating of northern rural area.At the same time,the heating demand in the northern rural area is large,and the heating using the clean energy substituting scattered coal is primary task.It is a crying need for energy-saving promotion in northern rural area.By analyzing heating current situation in northern rural area in China,this article presented the realistic problem and the need of clean energy heating.The advantages of continual biomass carbonization technology are high production efficiency,stable product performance,convenient process control and etc.Based on poly-generation mode with biochar,gas and oil by continual pyrolysis,biomass pyrolysis could derive more poly-generation modes.This article pointed out clean energy heating technical path and application mode based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique,which were suitable for the northern rural area in China.And two poly-generation heating modes,‘poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar,gas and liquid’,and‘poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar and steam’were proposed in this article.Then the technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode were analyzed.The results showed that biomass pyrolysis poly-generation was suitable for heating in the northern rural area under the current economic and technical conditions.This is especially suited for small scale central or decentralized heating in natural village and new-type rural community.For example,in village or rural community including200households,pyrolysis gas consumption per household was15~18m3/d(cooking gas consumption was1m3/d,heat value of pyrolysis gas was more than15MJ/m3)in heating season The project initial investment was usually less than3million RMB,and the payback period was4to5years.This article summarized the present situation of heating in northern rural area in China,and presented the realistic problem and the basic need for clean energy heating.It proposed clean energy heating technical path and application mode suited for northern rural area in China,which is based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique.Also this article analyzes technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode,and provides a new idea and method for solving the clean energy heating in the northern rural area.