船舶摇摆和工艺参数对南极磷虾挤压脱壳效果的影响

Effect of ship swaying and process parameters on extrusion peeling of Antarctic krill

为了探究风浪造成的船只摇摆和工艺参数设置对南极磷虾挤压脱壳加工效果的影响,该文测量记录了不同横摇和纵摇状态下脱壳加工的得肉率和虾壳残留,分析了不同条件下脱壳滚轴长度区域的脱壳完成率。结果表明:船舶摇摆会对脱壳加工得肉率与虾壳残留率造成影响,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),在纵摇7?和横摇5?时虾壳残留率分别达到1.07%和1.64%。船舶的摇摆对脱壳完成率有一定影响,随着摇摆幅度的增加,同一区域内脱壳完成率呈下降趋势。增加滚轴的长度能有效防止由于摇摆幅度增加而造成脱壳完成率降低的问题,当滚轴长度为1 200 mm时,脱壳完成率大于95%。放置时间对脱壳效果的影响较大(P<0.05),放置2 h后的磷虾在区域Ⅳ的脱壳完成率降低至94%,虾壳残留率也相应增多。研究结果可为南极磷虾脱壳设备的应用和产业化提供参考。

Antarctic krill is not only rich in biological resources,but also has high utilization value.As a new protein resource,Antarctic krill will get more and more attention as the offshore fishery resources dwindle.But Antarctic krill is very small and grows in the distant Antarctic seas.Krill is rich in active enzymes and tends to deteriorate.As a result,it needs to be processed quickly on board.Therefore,the fishing and processing of Antarctic krill require higher cost and have more difficulty.In the1960s,the development of krill industry was started from abroad,and China has begun the research on krill processing technology in recent years.Some preliminary research results have been obtained in process and equipment.Krill is often used to produce shrimp meat or to extract shrimp oil.Peeling is another effective method for the utilization of Antarctic krill.Previous research has shown that roller extrusion is one of the effective methods for the peeling of Antarctic krill.There are many factors that influence the effect of peeling in actual production,such as rotation speed,extrusion distance,and roller clearance.It is also affected by the wind and waves of the sea.The wind and waves sway the ship and affect the safety of navigation.These include the impact on personnel and the impact on equipment.The influence of sway on the equipment is reflected in the change of stability and processing effect.A composite laminates peeling equipment is developed to explore the effect of waves on the peeling results of krill.The performance of the equipment under different swing conditions in the sea was analyzed.Ships would have varying degrees of lateral sway and vertical sway during the voyage.The yield rate and residual rate of shrimp shells were measured and recorded.The roller was divided into4areas according to the length.The completion rate of peeling in different regions was analyzed.The experimental results show that the swing of the ship affects the yield rate and the residual rate of the shell.But the difference is not significant.Krill shell residue ratio rises to1.07%when the longitudinal swing reaches7°.And it rises to1.64%when the lateral oscillation reaches5°.The swing of the ship also has a certain effect on the completion rate of the peeling.The completion rate of peeling in the same area shows a decreasing trend,with the increase of swing amplitude.It is found that increasing the length of the roller can effectively alleviate the problem of the decrease of the peeling completion rate caused by the swing.The completion rate is greater than95%when the roller length is about1200mm.The retention time has a great effect on the peeling effect.The completion rate of peeling of the krill that is stored for2h decreases significantly after being caught.And peeling completion rate reduces to94%in the regionalⅣ.The residual rate of shrimp shells increases correspondingly.The results can provide reference for the application and industrialization of Antarctic krill peeler.