贵州施洞苗族独木龙舟文化变迁的经济分析

Economic Analysis of Changes of Miao's Dragon-boat Festival at Shidong in Guizhou

以文化人类学为理论支撑,采用质性研究范式,从经济视角对施洞苗族独木龙舟节的变迁进行分析。结果认为,苗族独木龙舟节展现了施洞苗族社会血缘关系共同体、姻亲关系共同体之间的互惠交往方式及其对独木龙舟节的经济支撑方式。解放前支撑独木龙舟节的经济基础为血缘关系集团内部(村寨、房族)的龙船基金、姻亲关系集团之间鼓头亲友馈赠的礼物和当地相对富庶的经济环境;解放后独木龙舟节发生局部渐进性变迁;独木龙舟节变迁的经济动因可以归结为龙船基金的消失使得独木龙舟节失去集体经济的扶助、礼俗的累赘使得愿当鼓头者越来越少、打工经济及新城镇化使青壮年龙船水手难寻、商品经济的发展使得参与者的价值观发生变异等。

Based on the cultural anthropology as the theoretical framework,the paper adopts the qualitative research paradigm to analyze the changes of Miao’s Dragon-boat Festival at shidong town in southeastern of Guizhou from the economic perspective.The results show that Miao’s Dragon-boat Festival displays mutual reciprocity communication between Shidong Miao social consanguinity,affinity community and its economy support.After liberation of China,Dragon-boat Festival has took partly changes which could attribute the disappearance of dragon boat fund.Because of that,on one is willing to hold the post of drum head;additionally,working economy and new urbanization make difficult finding of the young to row boats.What’s more,the development of commodity economy also makes the changes of participants’sense of value.