专利池组建与管理研究述评

Reviews on Formation and Management of Patent Pools

[目的/意义]分析专利池组建与管理的共性特征,为中国专利池研究提供借鉴。[方法/过程]根据若干标志性事件,将专利池的发展历史分为3个阶段:第一个阶段为兴起阶段,第二阶段为反垄断阶段,第三个阶段为理性发展阶段,总结了各个阶段的发展特点、宏观政策和影响因素。以4个成功运营的专利池为样本,归纳了专利池组建与管理的共性特征。[结果/结论]研究表明:专利池一般隶属于某个技术领域,并与该领域的技术标准紧密结合,很少出现跨领域的专利池;需要有一套比较完善的必要专利评估程序,对拟入池专利的有效性和必要性进行甄别;存在某种组建动机,吸引专利权人加入专利池;一般会设立管理机构或者委托第三方机构进行管理,成员之间共享必要专利,对外遵循公平合理非歧视原则统一实施专利许可。

[Purpose/significance]The paper analyzes common characteristics of formation and management of patent pools to provide references for patent pools construction in China.[Method/process]According to several landmark events,the paper summarizes that development history of the patent pool which can be divided into three stages:the rising stage,the anti-monopoly stage,and the rational development stage.Then,the paper analyzes development characteristics,macro policies and influencing factors of each stage,and takes four successful patent pools as samples to generalize their common characteristics of formation and management.[Result/conclusion]A patent pool typically belongs to a technical field and is closely integrated with technical standards in its own field,and there are few cross-domain patent pools;it is necessary to establish a relatively complete set of essential patents’evaluation procedures for identifying validity and necessity of proposed patents;there should be a formation motivation to attract patentees to join in a patent pool;patent managements are usually executed by a management agency or a third party agency,and members will share essential patents and apply the patent license uniformly based on the principle of fair,reasonable,and non-discrimination.