棉花纤维发育过程中晶区取向参数变化及与纤维比强度的关系

Dynamic Changes of Orientation Parameters during the Course of Cotton Fiber Development and Correlation with Fiber Strength

【目的】分析棉花品种间纤维结构与纤维强度的差异机理,研究新疆北疆棉区棉花纤维强力形成的内在因素,探索提高棉纤维强度的有效途径。【方法】以新疆3个陆地棉品种新陆早10号、新陆早13号和新陆早16号为研究对象,于花后30 d开始分阶段收取棉铃样品,手工分离棉铃的纤维和棉籽,混匀纤维,直至吐絮,统一测定纤维品质和晶区取向参数(分散角α、螺旋角φ、分布角ψ)。【结果】三个陆地棉品种取向分散角α随纤维发育呈现出先降低后增大、前期逐渐优化、后期不断宽化的趋势,不利于高强纤维的形成。不同品种间最终取向分散角α表现为新陆早16号=新陆早10号>新陆早13号。所有供试棉花品种螺旋角φ在纤维发育过程中均呈现逐渐变小的趋势。在纤维发育初期φ角均为最高,随纤维发育逐渐优化,纤维发育后期略有宽化,最终φ角表现为新陆早10号>新陆早13号>新陆早16号,不同品种间螺旋角存在着明显的差异,在纤维加厚发育过程中一直保持了这种差异。不同品种间取向分布角ψ变化差异较大,新陆早13号变化趋势与螺旋角相似,随纤维发育逐渐变小,不断优化,在发育后期略有上升。新陆早16号和新陆早10号ψ角则随纤维发育先变大,随后逐渐减小不断优化,至发育后期开始不断宽化,最后ψ角表现与φ角相同,新陆早10号>新陆早13号>新陆早16号。【结论】纤维发育过程中,螺旋角φ与分布角ψ是影响比强度的主要因素。

【Objective】This article revealed the intrinsic factor of fiber strength during cotton fiber development and an effective method to improve fiber strength by studying the mechanism differences between fiber orientation parameters and strength of cotton varieties in Northern Xinjiang.【Method】3upland cotton varieties were taken as the research object to collect boll samples and separate the fiber and seed by hand every5days from30d post anthesis to boll opening stage.After that,the quality and orientation parameters(α、φ、ψ)of the fiber were measured.【Result】With the development of fiber development,the orientation dispersion(α)of three upland cotton varieties increased first and then increased.The trend of gradual optimization was found in the early stage and the widening tendency was detected in the later period,which was detrimental to the formation of high strength fiber.The finalα-angle of Xinluzao16and Xinluzao10was alike,and the finalα-angle of Xinluzao13was the lowest.Spiral angle(φ)of three upland cotton varieties decreased with fiber development.Theφ-angle was the highest during early fiber development and minished(optimize)step by step with fiber development.But it tended to be widened during late fiber development.The finalφ-angle of Xinluzao10was the highest and the finalφ-angle of Xinluzao16was the lowest.There were obvious differences inφ-angle of different cotton varieties and the difference was maintained during fiber thickening development.The large differences of orientation distribution angle(ψ)existed in dynamic changes of three cotton varieties.Theψ-angle of Xinluzao13had similar variation tendency withφ-angle.Theψ-angle of Xinluzao16and Xinluzao10increased first and then decreased with fiber development.The variation tendency of minishing(optimize)was terminated and started widening during late fiber development.The finalψ-angle was the same asφ-angle.The finalψ-angle of Xinluzao10was the highest and the finalψ-angle of Xinluzao16was the lowest.【Conclusion】Spiral angle(φ)and orientational distribution angle(ψ)were the major factors to effect fiber strength during cotton fiber development.Forming a smaller structure ofφ-angle andψ-angle during early fiber development was one of the effective ways to improve fiber strength by cultivation measures such as chemical regulation in farm production.