控失尿素施用量及不同配比对新疆加工番茄产量、品质、氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Loss-control Urea Application and Different Ratio on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato

【目的】以屯河9号加工番茄为试材,研究控失尿素、普通尿素不同配比对加工番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响。【方法】试验设8个处理,(1)CK:不施氮肥;(2)常规尿素:施N 240 kg/hm^2;(3)等氮量控失尿素:施N 240 kg/hm^2;(4)控失尿素减量20%:施N 192 kg/hm^2;(5)控失尿素减量30%:施N 168 kg/hm^2;(6)控失尿素与常规尿素7∶3配比:施N 240 kg/hm^2;(7)控失尿素与常规尿素5∶5配比:施N 240 kg/hm^2;(8)控失尿素与常规尿素3∶7配比:施N 240 kg/hm^2,测定加工番茄干物质、氮素吸收量和产量,研究加工番茄干物质、氮素吸收、产量与控失尿素配施常规尿素的关系。【结果】与常规尿素相比,控失与常规尿素7∶3配比、控失与常规尿素5∶5配比处理能显著增加加工番茄干物质量;又能显著增加加工番茄N素吸收量,提高氮肥利用率,利用率分别增加了12.28和9.05个百分点;80%控失尿素与常规尿素处理的加工番茄干物质和产量都未达到显著差异,但氮肥利用率增加了11.94个百分点。控失与常规尿素7∶3配比、控失与常规尿素5∶5配比处理都显著增加了加工番茄产量,增产率12.99%和5.38%;与常规尿素相比,控失与常规尿素不同配比处理均显著提高了加工番茄的色差,施控失尿素对加工番茄固形物、p H值和总酸没有影响。【结论】加工番茄施用控失尿素和控失尿素与常规尿素配施均提高加工番茄氮肥利用率,其中控失与常规尿素7∶3配比效果最好。

【Objective】A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of loss-control urea and common urea different application proportion on plant dry matters,nitrogen uptake and yield of processing tomato'Tunhe9'.【Method】Eight treatments were designed,including CK(N0kg/hm2),common urea(N240kg/hm2),loss-control urea(N240kg/hm2),80%loss-control urea(N192kg/hm2),70%loss-control urea(N168kg/hm2),70%loss-control urea+30%common urea(total N240kg/hm2),50%loss-control urea+50%common urea(total of N240kg/hm2),30%loss-control urea+70%common urea(total of N240kg/hm2)to research the effects of loss-control urea and common urea on accumulation rate for plant dry matters,nitrogen uptake and yield of processing tomato.【Result】The results showed that compared with conventional urea,the application of70%loss-control urea+30%common urea and50%loss-control urea+50%common urea could significantly increase the plant dry matters and nitrogen uptake,and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was increased by12.28and9.05percentage point,respectively;the biomass and yield between80%loss-control urea and common urea treatments showed no significant difference,but the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency increased by11.94percentage point.the application of70%loss-control urea+30%common urea and50%loss-control urea+50%common urea significantly increased the yield of processing tomato,respectively by12.99%and5.38%;Compared to the loss-control urea and common urea treatments,the application of loss-control urea could significantly increase the color difference,but the treatments had no effects on soluble solids,pH value and the total acidity.【Conclusion】The application rate of controlled urea and loss-control urea combined with common urea increased the utilization rate of nitrogen in processing tomato,but the application of70%loss-control urea+30%common urea treatment is the best.