有机、绿色与常规栽培对水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Organic Farming, Green Farming and Conventional Farming on the Yeild, Quality and Soil Fertility of Rice

以湘早籼45号和玉针香分别为供试早稻和晚稻,研究了4 a有机、2 a有机、绿色和常规栽培对水稻产量、土壤肥力和稻米氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明:4 a有机、2 a有机、绿色栽培模式下早稻和晚稻的产量分别比常规栽培模式低3.00%、8.02%、7.49%和4.45%、9.07%、3.34%;与常规栽培相比,有机栽培显著提高了土壤养分的含量,绿色栽培下土壤的各项肥力指标变化总体上介于有机栽培与常规栽培之间;4 a有机栽培的土壤p H值显著升高,其他处理p H值差异不大;常规栽培和4 a有机栽培生产的稻米氨基酸含量较高,4 a有机、2 a有机、绿色和常规栽培的稻米中必需氨基酸分别占总氨基酸的35.66%、35.89%、35.82%和35.36%;不同栽培模式下的稻米中含量较高的氨基酸均为谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、亮氨酸(Leu)和精氨酸(Arg),含量较低的是半胱氨酸(Cys),这与目前稻米中氮基酸含量分析结果基本一致。

In order to assess the eco-environmental benefit of different farming systems,a replicated field experiment was carried on to study the effects of organic farming,green farming and conventional farming on rice yeild,quality and soil fertility,The results indicated that ompared with conventional farming system,the early rice yield of4years,2years organic farming system and green farming system decreased3.00%,8.02%and7.49%,the late rice yield decreased4.45%,9.07%and3.34%.There was significant difference in soil fertility between farming systems.Compared with initiated soil,all the soil fertility indicators improved in organic farming systems.Compared with conventional soil,soil organic matter,available N,available P,available K increased significantly in organic soil.As a whole,the changes of soil fertility in green farming systems ranged between organic and conventional farming systems.The soil pH value of the organic farming system in4years significantly rose and those of other treatments had little difference.The highest content of amino acids in rice in different ways was conventional and organic farming systems.There was little difference in the essential amino acids of4years of organic farming systems,2years organic farming systems,green farming systems and conventional farming systems.Their essential amino acid content were35.66%,35.89%,35.82%and35.36%,respectively.From the amino acid composition,the highest amino acids from high to low were Glu,Asp,Leu and Arg.The lowest content was Cys,which was essentially consistent with the results of the analysis of nitrogen acid content in rice.