美国联邦法律对公务人员受贿犯罪的“多点打击”及启示

The Bribery Crime in the Federal Law of the United States and its Insights

在美国联邦法律中,以《公务人员贿赂和非法馈赠法》和《项目经费贿赂法》两部针对贿赂犯罪的联邦专项法律为核心,由《邮件诈骗法》《霍布斯法》《交通法》和《黑社会浸透和腐败组织规制法》四部联邦法律作配合,形成了对公务人员受贿犯罪的多点打击体系。这一体系表明,美国联邦刑法对公务人员受贿的介入程度之高,起刑点之低,且不限于"权钱交换",任何沾染了公务人员职务色彩的收受好处行为都有可能成为起诉、处罚的对象。对此体系的了解,有助于我国全方位、更加准确地理解公务人员受贿行为的本质以及刑法对此的打击点之所在。

In the federal law of the United States,in addition to the general federal bribery statutes-the Official Bribery&Gratuity Statute and the Program Bribery Statute,there are several special statutes-Mail Fraud Act,Hobbs Act,Traffic Act and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act,which are not enacted as the bribery statutes but are used for the same purpose.Both taking bribery where“quid pro quo”should be proved,and illegally taking gratuity where the nexus of the gratuity and the official duty should be proved,are criminalized.In addition,taking bribery can also be interpreted as criminal coerce under the color ofo fficial right.The legal system in the American federal law is an important reference for deeply understanding the nature of bribery crime and the basis of its criminalization.