全球视野下的反不正当竞争法修订——基于模仿自由原则的探讨

Revision of the Anti-unfair Competition Law from the Global Perspective:Based on the Freedom of Imitation

模仿自由原则作为判断模仿行为正当性的基本准则,是世界各国反不正当竞争法普遍确立的一项基本原则,但中国反不正当竞争法对模仿自由原则的理解和实践则较为模糊。各国反不正当竞争法上的模仿自由原则在反不正当竞争法与知识产权法的关系、立法范式和不正当模仿行为判定等方面存在差异。在我国《反不正当竞争法》制定时期,基于调节模仿自由和保护商业成果的目标,在禁止仿冒商业标识和保护商业秘密两部分条款中贯穿了模仿自由原则的基本理念,但立法技术比较简陋;随着司法实践的深入,我国对模仿自由原则和边界的解读日益明晰。从《反不正当竞争法》修订视角来看,中国反不正当竞争法立法和司法实践日益承担着产生全球治理经验的使命,因此在模仿自由原则方面,中国应当调整反不正当竞争法与知识产权法的关系定位,选择"原则条款+具体不正当模仿行为的限制"的立法范式,并对不正当模仿行为的判定这一模仿自由原则的核心问题进行考量。

As the basic criterion of judging the legitimacy of imitative behavior,the freedom of imitation is a basic principle of the Anti-unfair Competition Law all over the world.The freedom of imitation in different antiunfair competition laws has differences in terms of informing the relationship between anti-unfair competition law and intellectual property law,the legislative paradigm and the judgment of unfair imitation.When the anti unfair competition law was enacted in China,the freedom of imitation was reflected in the part of prohibiting famous trademarks counterfeit and commercial secrets infringement in order to regulate the freedom of imitation and protect business outcomes.However,the legislative technique is quite crude.The judicial interpretation of this principle and its boundary is becoming increasingly clear along with practices.With regard to the law revision,the legislation and judicial practice of China’s anti-unfair competition law has the task of producing global governance experience.As such,the revised Anti-unfair Competition Law should adjust its relationship with the intellectual property law,choose the legislative paradigm of“principle clause+restrictions on specific inappropriate imitations”,and consider the question of the identification of improper imitation behavior which is the core of the imitation freedom principle.