科技智库建设的多层次图景分析

Multi-landscape Analysis on Construction of Science and Technology Think Tank

[目的/意义]当前我国科技智库建设普遍存在定位模糊和"库"重于"智"的问题,在新的决策背景下,找到"位"、提升"智"是当前科技智库建设的首要任务。[方法/过程]本文以知识为基础,构建了科技智库建设的多层次图景:宏观层面的属性和边界关系图景,微观层面的研究体系及功能结构图景,中观层面的类型模式和组织演化图景,希望能够以"图"定"位",以"知"明"智"。[结果/结论]从多个维度对科技智库进行了以"图"定"位",并明晰了科技智库提高"智"识—提升"智"量—彰显"智"能的以"知"明"智"的路径,得出了一些新的认识:(1)认为知识与决策的双向互动是科技智库区别于其他智库的本质特征,将科技智库与其他智库的互动关系分为强联系与弱联系型,提出科技智库是智库体系中最为基础、最为能动、最为新锐的力量;(2)明确了核心科学在科技智库中的灵魂地位以及科技智库对核心科学的反哺作用,提出科技智库应超越当前"科技咨询"模式,向不确定性和决策风险高的后常规科学问题及策略拓展;(3)基于知识体系架构和领域跨度,将科技智库划分为综合型、专业型、咨询型、平台型4个类型,并在系统整合的基础上构建了科技智库的组织演化图景,基本明确了科技智库的建设路径及一流科技智库的建设方向。希望为个体科技智库建设和国家科技智库的宏观管理提供一些可能的靶标和参考,为科技智库理论和实践的多元化、系统化、有序化发展贡献力量。

[Purpose/significance]Highly supported and encouraged by the government,a variety of S&T think tanks have been established in China in the last few years.But on the whole,the construction of S&T think tanks pay more attention to the“tank”than“think”.Therefore,in the complicated decision-making environment,it is important to fix the suitable position and improve the knowledge to construct the S&T think tank.[Method/process]In order to fix the“position”by the“landscape”,and improve the“think”by“knowledge”,this paper constructs the multi-landscape for S&T think tanks from the perspective of knowledge:the macroscopic view,in which the essential attributes of S&T think tanks,their relationship with other think tanks,and their positioning in the whole think tank system have been explored;the microcosmic view,in which the research system and function of S&T Think tanks have been analyzed based on communities of knowledge construction;the mesoscopic view,in which four categories for S&T think tanks based on the knowledge construction and research field have been developed,and the organization construction evolution in three stages has been clarified.[Result/conclusion]Based on the multi-level landscape analysis,the pattern for fixing the“position”by the“landscape”,and the route for improving the“think”by“knowledge”have been established and we come to some new understanding about S&T think tanks.First,the bilateral interaction between knowledge and decision-making is the essential traits of S&T think tanks,which is the most basic,vigorous,and cutting-edge strength among the think tank system,and its relationship with other think tank could be divided into weak ties and strong ties.Second,three knowledge system and the interaction between S&T think tank and the basic science research have been clarified,and we suggest that S&T think tanks should go beyond the current“S&T consultancy”mode and pay more attention to“Post-normal science”problem.Third,S&T think tanks could be categorized into integrated type,specialized type,consultancy type,and platform type,based on which,mode selection and think tank network construction in different stage have been established.This multi-landscape analysis is expected to provide reference for the positioning and construction of various kinds of S&T think tanks and the nation’s macro-management and strategic layout of think tank.