西北太平洋澳洲鲐渔业生物学研究进展

Review of Fisheries Biology of Blue Mackerel(Scomber australasicus) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

【目的】为系统掌握澳洲鲐(Scomber australasicus)的基础生物学以及资源利用现状,并为后期研究提供理论基础。【方法】对西北太平洋澳洲鲐的种群结构、洄游、年龄与生长、繁殖摄食等生物学研究进展做了初步的总结和归纳。【结果】根据外部形态和遗传分析等研究结果,澳洲鲐可分为3个地理群系,即太平洋群系、东海群系和南海群系。不同海域澳洲鲐都有明显的洄游路径,受海流影响显著,但南海群系洄游模式尚不清楚。澳洲鲐为连续产卵类型,不同群体的初次性成熟有差异,其繁殖策略需要加强研究,特别是与环境因子的关系;耳石微结构估算认为,西北太平洋海域澳洲鲐最大年龄为6龄,各群系间的生长有差异;水温对产卵场影响较大,渔场分布受到黑潮等海流影响明显。资源量的评估及其管理策略分析仍没有有效开展,仅仅局限在一个国家和地区。【结论】为合理开发和利用澳洲鲐资源,需加强各国和地区之间的合作,系统地开展西北太平洋海域澳洲鲐资源的调查和生物学研究,选择适合澳洲鲐生活史特征的资源评估模型,为该种类的可持续利用和科学管理提供理论支持。

【Objective】To provide background biological and resource utilization information for Scomber australasicus fisheries,【Method】this study summarizes research in the areas of population structure,migration,age and growth relationship,reproduction and feeding strategies of blue mackerel in the northwest Pacific region.【Result】It is concluded that blue mackerel can be divided into three geographical populations:the Pacific Ocean stock,the East China Sea stock and the South China Sea stock.There are distinctive migratory paths for mackerel which are significantly affected by ocean currents.However,the migration model of the South China Sea stock is not clear.Blue mackerels are continuous spawners,they may mature at different time of the year.Therefore,different populationsmay have different initial sexual maturation time.To better understand the maturation biology,their reproductive strategy in relation to the environment should be investigated.Analysis from otoliths indicated that the maximum life expectancy of blue mackerel is6years.The growth rates and thegrowth differences among the three groups are not clear.The locations of the spawning grounds is affected by temperature which in turn is affected by Kuroshio and its interaction with other currents.Currently,resource assessment and management strategy analysis have conducted only by a few countries and the analysis have not been carried out effectively.【Conclusion】In order to develop and utilize the resources of blue mackerel effectively,it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between different countries and systematically perform biology and resources research in the Pacific Northwest.Therefore,a resource evaluation model should be developed based on life history of blue mackerel in order to provide theoretical support for scientific management and sustainable utilization.