略论陶渊明《饮酒》诗题的典故及其寓意

On the Allusions and Implications of Tao Yuanming's Poetic Theme of Drinking

陶渊明所创作的组诗《饮酒》二十首是其诗歌代表作,诗题"饮酒"是由两种不同的典故构成,属于不同寓意复合而成的词汇。其一是典出于汉代焦赣所撰的《易林》繇辞"六月采芑,征伐无道。张仲方叔,克胜饮酒",指刘裕征伐后秦凯旋,受相国、宋公、九锡之命,并实现晋宋禅代的义熙十四年秋的形势;其二是典出于《周易》"未济"卦"上九"的爻辞"有孚于饮酒。无咎",指在上述的晋末时势中,寄寓着诗人以至诚安天命的心理及其所产生的顺从、自适的精神态度。

Tao Yuanming’s collection of20Drinking poems are his masterpiece.The poetic theme of“drinking”is made up of two different types of allusions.It is a compound composed of two different types of connotations.One of them originates from Yi Lin by Jiao Gan in the Han Dynasty,where the divination diagrams goes as“harvesting in June,waging wars unjustly,Zhang Zhong and Fang Shu,drinking wine of triumph”,which means the Qin Dynasty army triumphed after the conquest Liu Yu,received the noble titles of Xiangguo,Songgong and Jiuxi,and brought about the situation of the autumn during14th year of Yixi in the Jin Dynasty.The second one originates from the Book of Changes,inwhich the divination diagram“Shang jiu”of“Wei Ji”states that“relying on drinking,no denouncement”.Under the circumstances at the end of the Jin Dynasty,the name implies the poet’s obedient philosophy of life,and his submissive and adaptive attitude.