改革开放前后的儿童——教育学视角的考察

Children before and after the Reform and Opening-up Policy: A Review from the Educational Perspective

改革开放前后的不同的社会环境,造就了不同的学校教育和不同的学校教育与儿童的关系。不同的学校教育与儿童的关系形塑起不同的儿童形象。改革开放前后,学校教育的更短的学制期转变为更长的学制期,使儿童由短期儿童转变为长期儿童;学校教育由向社会开放转为与社会封闭,使不纯粹的儿童转变为纯粹的儿童;学生的学业负担由相对较轻变得格外沉重,使儿童的童年由较为重要变得越来越不重要;学校教育由受成人世界的政治性因素的影响转向受非政治性因素的影响,使儿童中的施暴者由施暴的强者转变为施暴的弱者;学校对儿童的斗争哲学教育转向对儿童的竞争教育,使儿童的斗争型人格转变为竞争型人格。

Different social environment before and after the reform and opening-up policy leads to different school education and different relationships between school education and children.The different relationships form different children images.Before and after the reform and opening-up policy,there are several changes as follows:the school education of the shorter length of schooling turns into a longer length of schooling,which makes short-term children turns into long-term children.School education open to the society change into close to the society,which changes impure children into pure children.Students'academic burden change from relatively light into extraordinarily heavy,which makes children's childhood change from comparatively important to less and less important.The factors that influence school education of the adult world change from political factors to non-political factors,which makes the children of the perpetrators change from the strong to the weak by the violence.The school education for children changes from fighting philosophy education to competitive education,which makes children's struggle personality change into competitive personality.