第一代农民工返乡养老问题及对策探讨——以“传统农区”为例

Discussion on the Problems and Solutions about the First Generation Peasant Workers Returning Home Pension——Take the Traditional Agricultural Area as An Example

随着改革开放不断深化,第一代农民工返乡养老问题已迫在眉睫。实践表明,在以经济回报为目标导向的第一代进城农民工中,只有少数真正实现市民化。同时,随着步入职业周期尾声,更多的第一代农民工选择返乡养老。通过分析传统农区第一代农民工的基本特征与返乡情况,发现土地保障功能弱化、农村经济结构单一、传统养老形式改变、缺乏完善医疗体系以及精神文化娱乐不足是返乡农民工面临的主要问题。据此,传统农区应从加强农业集约化生产、发展乡村特色产业、培养中坚农民主体、建设农村养老产业以及健全医疗服务体系等方面来应对返乡农民工养老问题。

With the deepening of reform and opening up,the first generation of peasant workers'pension problem is imminent.Practice shows that only a few of the first generation of migrant workers who are oriented toward economic returns are truly citizens.At the same time,as the end of the professional cycle,more first-generation migrant workers choose to return to their homes.By analyzing the basic features of the first generation of rural migrant workers in the traditional farming areas and returning home,we find that the functions of land security are weakened,the rural economic structure is single,the traditional forms of old-age care are changed,the lack of a sound medical system and insufficient spiritual,cultural and entertainment are the migrant workers returning home main problem.Therefore,the traditional agricultural areas should deal with the issue of pension for returning migrant workers and ensure their right to subsistence by strengthening intensive agricultural production,developing characteristic rural industries,cultivating the backbone of the farmer,building the rural pension industry and improving the medical service system.