从洋办至华办:晚清油矿利权思想演变历程之考察

The Exploration of the Evolution of the Thoughts on Oilfield Benefits and Rights in the Late Qing Dynasty: from Foreign Office to Chinese Office

石油资源的开发利用是中国工业化的重要内容之一。晚清时期,石油产品与技术伴随着西方殖民侵略传入中国,台湾、四川等地本土油藏以武力、合同等方式的相继丧失,美、俄等国洋油对晚清传统燃料市场的不断冲击,两种态势与国家权、利之矛盾呈尖锐化。在"商战""抵制洋货"等运动与新政下,社会各群体开始了从最初消费到抵制与从让利、保利到自主开办的思考与实践,消防、火险公司等技术与事业的应运而生进一步改变了时人对该新型能源的认知。延长石油官厂之开办正体现了晚清国家至民间对该"利源"趋于渐智化。

The development and utilization of oil resources is an important part of Chinese industrialization.In the late Qing dynasty,along with the western colonial invasion,oil product and technology were introduced into China.Local reservoirs in Taiwan,Sichuan and other places were successively taken by force or by contracts.Foreign oil from the United States,Russia and other countries continued to impact the traditional fuel market,and the conflicts between the national rights and benefits became sharpened.Influenced by the trade war and boycott of foreign imports,social attitudes to foreign products evolved from consumption in the beginning to resist,and industry attitudes evolved from losing and protect profits to starting independent production.And the emergence firefighting company and fire insurance company further changed people's understanding of the new energy.The launch of the official Yanchang oil factory displayed that the attitude of the state and society in Late Qing towards the source of interest were gradually becoming more sensible.