国外医养结合养老模式及其对中国的启示

The Foreign Pension Mode of Medical Treatment and Care and Its Inspiration to China

2016年中国提出大力发展健康产业,同时提出健康中国2030规划。2017年,习近平总书记在中共十九大报告中强调要推动养老向多元化、多样化的方向发展,同时要加速发展医养结合养老产业。中国目前医养结合养老模式的发展相对于率先进入人口老龄化阶段的发达国家是滞后的。国外有四种典型的医养结合养老产业发展模式,分别是美国的商业养老模式、日本的转型医养结合养老模式、欧洲的以英国为代表的税收筹资体制模式,以及欧洲以德国为代表的社会保险体制模式。国外医养结合养老模式对中国的启示是:应从中国医疗保障到医养结合疾病预防转变上,从完善长期照护制度上,从创新模式上,从提高医疗服务能力上以及从政策的整合和整体规划上,最终形成慢病管理、疾病预防、疾病治疗、长期照护、老年娱乐及老年再就业六位一体的医养结合养老模式。

In2016,China proposed to develop vigorously the health industry and put forward a Healthy China2030Plan.In2017,General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the necessity to promote the development of diversified pension mode,and to accelerate the pension mode of medical treatment and care at the same time at the19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The current development of the pension mode of medical treatment and care in our country is lagging behind that of the developed countries which take the lead to enter the aging stage of population.This thesis analyses four typical pension modes industries of medical treatment and care in foreign countries,which are the American commercial endowment model,Japanese transitional pension mode of medical treatment and care,European mode of revenue financing system represented by the United Kingdom,and European mode of social insurance system represented by Germany,and sums up the inspiration to our country's pension mode of medical treatment and care.It is concluded that we need to improve from the perspective of shifting from medical security to pension mode of medical treatment and care,improving our long-term care system,innovating models,improving medical service capabilities,and policy integration and overall planning in order to eventually establish a six-in-one pension mode of medical treatment and care including chronic disease management,disease prevention,disease treatment,long-term care,elderly entertainment,and elderly re-employment.