气凝胶技术前沿进展

Latest Advance in Aerogel Technology

气凝胶是世界上密度最小的固体之一。其物质性能优异,看似脆弱,实则坚固耐用,最高能承受1400℃高温,高弹性、强吸附,可广泛应用于激光、航空等领域。其制备通常由溶胶、凝胶过程和超临界干燥处理构成。本文主要就气凝胶的几种低成本制备方法进行对比,比较其在特定领域内的优劣,综述了生物质基础气凝胶,SiO_2气凝胶,纤维素气凝胶的低成本化改进制备方法。总结了其优点与局限。最后,分析了其适用领域,展望其大规模制备及应用前景。

Aerogel is one of the world's smallest density solids.With excellent material properties,it seems vulnerable,but solid and durable in fact,and can withstand up to1400℃high temperature.With high elasticity and strong adsorption,it can be widely used in laser,aviation and other fields.Its preparation usually consists of sol process,gel process and supercritical drying treatment.In this paper,several low-cost preparation methods of aerogels were compared,and their advantages and disadvantages in specific fields were compared too.The low-costly improving gand preparation methods of biomass-based aerogels,SiO2aerogels and cellulose aerogels were reviewed.The advantages and limitations are summarized.Finally,the application fields were analyzed,and the large-scale preparation and application prospects were prospected.