澜沧江流域芒果种质资源果实性状多样性分析

Fruit trait diversity of mango(Mangiferca indica L.)germplasm resources in Lancang River basin

【目的】分析澜沧江流域芒果种质资源的果实性状多样性,为有效地保护芒果种质资源及改良品种提供参考。【方法】调查收集澜沧江流域11个县28个乡镇的芒果种质资源82份,对其果实性状进行测定及相关性和聚类分析。【结果】在82份芒果种质资源中,单果重为0~50、50~80、80~120和120~260 g的种质资源分别有6、49、19和8份;果实形状为椭圆形、扁圆、象牙形、卵形、长扁圆形和桃形的种质资源分别有66、8、3、2、2和1份;果皮颜色为绿色、黄绿色、黄红色、绿黄色、绿白色和黄色的种质资源分别有48、9、12、2、2和9份;果肉颜色为金黄色、橙黄色、浅黄色、橙红色和深黄色的种质资源分别有34、25、12、4和7份;果实香气为无香气、芳香、椰乳香、木瓜香、松香和清香的种质资源分别有41、36、2、1、1和1份。变异系数以单果重最高(48.12%),其次是果皮厚度(27.27%),以果实厚度最低(13.62%),果实长度、果实宽度、可食率和可溶性固形物含量的变异系数均在20.00%左右。可溶性固形物含量与单果重、果实长度和果实厚度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与可食率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同);单果重与果实长度、果实宽度、果实厚度和可食率呈极显著正相关;果实宽度与果实厚度和可食率呈极显著正相关;果实厚度与可食率呈极显著正相关。单果重、果实长度、果实宽度、果实厚度和可食率在第一主成分有较高的正负载系数;果皮厚度和可溶性固形物含量在第二主成分有较高的正负载系数,表明这7个性状是造成澜沧江流域芒果种质资源果实多样性的主要因素。82份芒果资源分为2个大类群,第Ⅰ类群的种质资源果型大,且第Ⅰ-1亚类种质资源可溶性固形物含量和可食率较高;第Ⅱ类质资源果型较小,尤其是第Ⅱ-2,且其可食率低。【结论】澜沧江流域芒果资源果实性状存在丰富的多样性,可通过引种驯化、杂交、嫁接和分子育种等技术把其优异基因延续下去。第Ⅰ-1亚类种质资源的果型大,可溶性固形物含量和可食率较高,可作为选育和改良品种的亲本材料,第Ⅱ-2亚类果型小,可食率低,可作为园林观赏资源。

【Objective】Fruit traits diversity of mango(Mangifera indica L.)germplasm resources in Lancang River basin were studied to provide reference for protecting mango resources and improving the current varieties.【Method】Eighty-two mango germplasm resources were investigated and collected from twenty-two towns of eleven counties along Lancang River.Fruit traits of the collected germplasms were determined,and correlation and cluster analysis on fruit traits were conducted as well.【Result】In the total82mango resources,the resources numbers with fruit weight fell into the range of0-50g,50-80g,80-120g and120-260g were6,49,19and8respectively.The resources numbers of fruit shape with elliptical-shaped,oblate-shaped,ivory-shaped,oval-shaped,long oblate-shaped,peach-shaped were66,8,3,2,2and1respectively.The resources numbers of skin color with green,yellowish green,yellowish red,greenish orange,greenish white and yellow were48,9,12,2,2and9respectively.The resources numbers of flesh color with light yellow,golden yellow,deep yellow,reddish yellow and yellowish red were34,25,12,4and7respectively.The resources numbers of fruit aroma with odourless,aromatic,coconut water flavor,papaya flavor,pine tar flavor and whiff flavor were41,36,2,1,1and1respectively.Variation coefficient of fruit weight(48.12%)was the highest,followed by pericarp thickness(27.27%),while fruit thickness was the lowest(13.62%).Variation coefficients of fruit length,fruit width,edible rate and soluble solid content were about20.00%.Soluble solid content showed significant negative correlation(P<0.05)with fruit weight,fruit length,fruit thickness,while showed extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.01,the same below)with edible rate.There was extremely significant positive correlation between fruit width and fruitthickness,between fruit width and edible rate,and between fruit thickness and edible rate.Fruit weight presented extremely significant positive correlation with fruit length,fruit width,fruit thickness and edible rate.Fruit weight,fruit length,fruit width,fruit thickness,edible rate undertook large positive load factor in the first principal component(PC1),while fruit thickness and soluble solid content undertook large positive load factor in the second principal component(PC2),which showed the seven characters were the main factors leading to biodiversity of mango resources in Lancang River.The total82mango resources could be divided into two groups.GroupⅠhad big fruit shape,and soluble solid content and edible rate were high in subgroupⅠ-1.GroupⅡhad small fruit shape,especially in subgroupⅡ-2,and had low edible rate,which could be used as ornamental trees.【Conclusion】Lancang River is rich in biodiversity of mango resources fruit traits.The superior genes can be reserved through domestication,hybridization,grafting and molecular breeding.The subgroupⅠ-1has big fruit shape,high soluble solid content and edible rate,which can be used as parent materials for variety breeding and improvement.SubgroupⅡ-2has small fruit shape and low edible percent,which can be used as ornamental trees.