中美新型大国关系视域下的军事外交

Building a New Type of Great Power Relations: A Case Study of Military Diplomacy between China and the United States

中美建交近40年来军事外交曲折发展的事实表明,稳定健康的中美军事关系不仅有利于巩固两国的外交关系,而且有利于维护亚太地区的和平与安全。自2013年中国明确提出构建中美新型大国关系以来,虽然奥巴马政府采取"三不"态度,特朗普政府表态认同,但如何在新型大国关系框架下构建"互信、合作、不冲突、可持续"的中美新型军事关系,成为摆在中美军事外交面前的重大现实问题。中美军事外交具有波动性、互利性、不对称性和发展性等基本特征,还深受利益、意识形态、实力对比和国际战略环境等因素的制约和深刻影响。中美新型军事关系的构建既需要中美双方相向而行,也需要中方积极主动发挥作用,用新安全观引领两国军事关系的良性互动。双方要以互信和沟通为基础,依托两军在国际安全领域的合作共识,推动两军合作共赢,助力中美新型军事关系向纵深发展。

The development of military diplomatic relations between China and the United States in the past 39 years indicates that stable and healthy military-to-military relations are conducive not only to the bilateral relations, but also to Asia-Pacific peace and security. After China proposed to build a new type of great power relations between China and the United States, while the Obama administration held its reservations, the Trump administration embraced the idea. Nevertheless, there remains a vital problem which is how to build a new type of military relations featuring "mutual trust, cooperation, no conflicts, sustainability" under the framework of a new type of great power relations. Military exchanges are mutually beneficial and of great potential, but are asymmetric in information and vulnerable, as they are greatly influenced by factors including interests, ideologies, national strengths competition, and international strategic environment. To build a new type of military relations, China and the United States should meet each other half way. China, in particular, should be more proactive and lead the development of bilateral military relations in accordance with the "New Security" concept. Building on mutual trust and communication, the two countries should expand their common ground in the international security domain, so as to achieve win-win cooperation and promote the development of a new type of military relations.