印度“新邻国外交”战略及其对华影响

India's New Neighborhood Diplomacy and Its Influence on China

印度"新邻国外交"形成与深化的逻辑起点,缘于对地缘政治安全、区域软实力、地区领导力、大国地位等多重目标的综合战略设计。2014年莫迪上任伊始提出"新邻国外交",外交政策中亲和色彩渐浓,南亚战略作为印度大国战略重要组成,进取性日益突出。但随后霸权主义作风显现并屡屡干涉南亚邻国内政。2017年印度重拾胡萝卜政策,着力搞好与南亚邻国关系。以一个主轴、二个平台、三个支点为路径,印度把对南亚邻国政治、外交放在优先地位,以宗教、文化为纽带加强与邻国联系,提升软实力,试图挤压中国在南亚战略空间;通过积极推进"环孟加拉湾倡议"和"孟不印尼"合作组织发展,应对中国在南亚日益增长的影响力;通过促进次大陆更紧密的连通和整合,欲建立以印度为核心的南亚秩序。考察印度南亚战略新变化有助于我们理解印度政策利益关联,更好地规划和推动南亚区域"一带一路"建设进程。

Modi's new neighborhood diplomacy grows out of his strategic calculation of India's geopolitical security, soft power, regional leadership role, and great power status.Since taking office in 2014, Modi has vigorously implemented a neighbourhood first policy and stepped up charm offensive in peripheral areas. South Asia has acquired increasing prominence in Modi's overall diplomacy and since 2017 a new round of charm offensive intensified as Modi attempts to win over the hearts and minds of neighboring countries in his administration's pursuit of regional hegemony. This new neighborhood policy is a multipronged efforts to strengthen political mutual trust, increase religious and culture ties, and intensify economic cooperation in India's peripheries. Its ultimate goal is undercutting China's geostrategic influence and establishing a India-led regional order. A more comprehensive examination of India's new neighborhood policy could help China better understand the former's strategic calculus and reduce geopolitical risks associated with China's vigorous implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.