20世纪黑龙江考古历程概览

An Overview on the Archaeological Course in Heilongjiang in the 20th Century

黑龙江省是中国最早开展考古活动的省份之一,在全球进入殖民时代后,黑龙江地区由于其特殊的地理位置,成为俄、日帝国主义觊觎的对象,20世纪20年代西方近代考古学就传入黑龙江地区。黑龙江地区考古工作经历了三个发展阶段,俄、日学者是从事考古工作的主体时代;国内专业考古队伍加强边疆考古,注重田野考古工作,为建立考古学文化谱系提供基础;以区系类型理论为指导,以考古层位学和类型学为基本方法,进行典型遗址的发掘和典型资料的积累,至20世纪末,基本构建了自新石器时代至渤海时期黑龙江考古学文化的谱系框架。

Heilongjiang province is one of the earliest provinces where archaeological activities are carried out in our country.After the world entering the colonial era,Heilongjiang region become the coveted object for the Russian and Japanese imperialism because of its special geographical location.In the 1920s,the western modern archaeology is introduced to Heilongjiang province.The archaeological work in Heilongjiang province has undergone three-stage development with Russian and Japanese scholars being the main body of the archaeology work.The domestic professional archaeology team strengthens the frontier archaeology and stress the field archaeology work,which provides the basis for the establishment of the archaeological cultural genealogy.During that time,the excavation of the typical sites and accumulation of typical data were done with the theory of area system type as the instruction and the archaeological strata and typology as the basic method.By the end of the 20th century,the pedigree framework for Heilongjiang archaeological culture from the Neolithic age to the Bohai period has been established.