水稻耐低温逆境研究:分子生理机制及育种展望

Cold stress tolerance in rice: physiological changes, molecular mechanism, and future prospects

低温严重影响水稻的地理分布、生长发育及产量。水稻在低温逆境下会产生一系列的生理及代谢变化,如:叶绿素荧光的改变,电解质渗漏增加,活性氧、丙二醛、蔗糖、脂质过氧化物、脯氨酸等代谢物含量升高,植物内源激素ABA和GA的改变等。了解水稻在低温逆境下的生理代谢变化及低温应答分子机理对水稻耐低温性状的遗传改良具有重要的意义。本文系统总结了水稻在低温逆境下的生理代谢变化、已定位和克隆的耐低温基因/QTL,以及水稻应答低温逆境信号转导机制的最新研究进展,以期为水稻的耐低温育种提供参考。

Low temperature is a major factor affecting rice geographical distribution growth,development,and productivity.Cold stress mediates a series of physiological and metabolite changes,such as alterations in chlorophyll fluorescence,electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MAD),sucrose,lipid peroxides,proline,and other metabolites,plant endogenous hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and gibberellin(GA)also changes.In this review,we summarize the recent research progress on physiological and metabolic changes under low temperature,cold stress related loci and QTL reported by map-based cloning and genome-wide association analysis(GWAS),and some molecular mechanisms in response to low temperature in rice.We also discuss the future prospects on breeding cold tolerance varieties of rice.