鸡快慢羽性状遗传学基础分析综合实验探索与实践

A genetics laboratory class to analyze early and late feather traits of chicken

随着全国"卓越农林人才教育培养计划"的开展,我校动物科学专业设置了"卓越班",以突出培养学生的系统思维和创新创业能力为目标开展了系列教育教学管理和课程改革。为此,我们以"鸡快、慢羽性状"为实验对象,设计了"鸡快慢羽性状遗传学基础分析"综合实验,突出培养学生用理论知识解决生产实践问题的思维和能力。本文重点介绍了该实验作为动物遗传学实验教学案例的实施过程及效果,首先从鸡的表型观察逐步深入到遗传学基础分析,利用遗传学理论指导鸡快、慢羽品系培育的育种实践。实验内容涉及伴性遗传规律和性别决定机制等遗传学理论知识,同时还涉及基因组DNA提取、基因扩增、酶切及电泳分析等一系列分子遗传学的技术方法。不仅有利于学生综合分析能力和专业技能的掌握,还有助于培养学生对动物科学专业的科研兴趣和创新意识。此综合性实验还展现了用遗传学理论指导动物品种培育实践过程,符合动物科学专业复合应用型人才培养目标的要求,其中的教学理念和方法可推广应用于其他生物学实验教学。

With the implementation of the“Education and Training Program for Outstanding Agricultural and Forestry Talents”in our country,our university established the“Outstanding Class”for students majoring in the animal science.We also carried out a series of educational management and curriculum reforms to cultivate students’systematic model of thinking and the ability of technology innovation.In this paper,we designed a comprehensive experiment that focused on analyzing early and late feather genetic traits of chicken.The students initially observed the phenotype of chickens and gradually were led into genetics analysis.We introduced the breeding practice,and guided the students to use genetic theories to breed chick strains of early and late feather traits.The experiment is not only based on the sex-linkage theory and sex determination mechanism,but also molecular genetics technologies,such as genomic DNA extraction,amplification,enzyme digestion and electrophoresis.Conducting this experiment can enhance students'comprehensive analysis ability and professional skills,as well as be beneficial to cultivate their scientific research interests and curiosity on animal sciences.Thus,we integrated the genetics theories into animal breeding practice that meet the requirement of comprehensive applied talents of animal science specialty.The teaching ideas and methods described in this paper can be applied to other biological experiment teaching practice.