“物时代”的“英雄”——王安忆《长恨歌》与1990年代以来的中国社会

Hero in the “Material Era”: Song of Eternal Sorrow by Wang Anyi and Chinese Society since 1990s

1990年代以来的中国社会,面对着前所未有的观念冲突。女性主义与对女性的消费并行,一方面,女性主义的呼声空前高涨,也取得了很大的成绩,另一方面,通过服饰、化妆、整容,女性的"女人味"也前所未有地深入人心。对物的批判和对物的崇拜并行,精英文化依然坚持对抗"物的压迫",极力遏制"价值的颠覆"。可是物崇拜却形成了一种新的意识形态,只有获取了大量的物质财富,才能成为"时代英雄"。王安忆的《长恨歌》突出重围,并没有被其中的任何一种观念所束缚。她回到人类学的视域中,重新书写了两性的生存论关系和人与物形成的"亲密纠缠",并以王琦瑶这样一个富有生命力的女性"英雄"形象,试图以生命伦理重铸社会伦理。这就是《长恨歌》的意义与它长盛不衰的魅力所在。

China has been confronted with unprecedented conflicts in social values since 1990s.Feminism has been fighting against female consumption,with increasing appeal for feminism leading to great progress on one side,and femininity,expressed by clothes,facial make￣up and face-lift,being embraced by most of people.The criticism on and the worship to material are in co-existence,with elite culture insisting on competing with the oppression from materials and holding back the subversion of values.However,the worship towards material has become a new ideology:only with a large quantity of wealth and materials can one be the hero of an era.Song of Eternal Sorrow by Wang Anyi is not confined by any values.Rewriting the relation between the existentialism of both sexes and the connection between people and materials,sculpturing a vigorous heroin like Wang Qiyao,she tries to reshape social ethics with bioethics,giving Song of Eternal Sorrow its meaning and long￣lasting appeal.