清代监察制度的主要特征与法理分析

The Major Features and Jurisprudential Analysis of Qing Supervision Law System

清代监察制度在继承明代基础上进行了多项变革,结合制度背后清代独特的政治文化背景,显示出了监察官依附皇权的地位、科道合一的监察体系改革、风闻言事权力的弱化以及挟私忘公的御史陋习等主要特征,使得御史监察机能严重萎缩,与清代统治者预期反腐效果背道而驰。清代监察法制是中国古代监察法制发展的最高阶段,法制的技术性形式成果因专制皇权极端化影响,具有"人治"非"法治"的属性,与监察制度法治基本原则相违背。

Qing supervision law system changes greatly several times on the basis of that of Ming Dynasty,which reflects the ultimate of feudal legislation and characteristics of minority governance.The censor"spy"status attached to the imperial power,the supervising official's fusion of supervisory system reform,the weakened power of supervision according to hearsay,and the habit of censor selfishness without public interests made the censor supervision performance atrophied seriously,which ran counter to the desired anti-corruption result of Qing Dynasty.As the highest stage of China's ancient supervision law,Qing supervision law shows the lack of the rule of law.