基于位域运动误差观测器的齿轮断齿故障诊断

Diagnosis of the Gear Tooth-Broken Fault Based on the Kinematic Error Observer in Spatial Domain

由于高速重载等不良工况,齿轮往往容易发生齿根裂纹、破损甚至断齿等故障。齿轮作为传动机构的重要组成部件,其故障对整个系统的安全运行有着重大影响,因此需要对其进行状态监测及故障诊断。与传统的振动法、噪声法相比,基于电机驱动系统的齿轮故障诊断无需额外安装传感器方案是当下最新的研究热点。针对伺服系统等实际工况存在频繁加减速过程这一问题,提出一种位域下的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先设计一种级联观测器来获取齿轮运动误差信号,此方法无需在负载侧安装位置传感器;接着利用位域重采样技术使得故障诊断不再依赖于转速运行条件;最后引入位域同步平均法,有效提升故障特征的信噪比。在断齿故障诊断平台上对所提出的算法进行实验验证,实验结果表明该算法可实现宽变速条件下的齿轮故障信息提取与诊断。

Due to high speed,heavy load or other poor working conditions,the gear is often prone to tooth crack,surface damage,or even the tooth broken.As an important component of transmission mechanism,the fault of gear has a great impact on the safe operation of the entire system.Therefore,it is necessary to monitor the gear condition and diagnosis of the gear fault.Compared with the traditional vibration method and noise method,the gear fault diagnosis based on the motor drive system needs no additional sensors,becoming the latest research hotspot.For the frequent acceleration and deceleration in practical conditions such as servo system,this paper presents a new gear fault diagnostic method in spatial domain.A cascaded observer was designed firstly that can obtain the kinematic error of the gear transmission system without sensors on the load-side.Then using the spatial domain resampling technique,the fault daignosis no longer depended on the speed operating condition.Furthermore,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)of gear fault was effectively improved with the spatial domain synchronous averaging method.Finally,the algorithm was validated on the gear tooth-broken fault diagnosis platform.The results show that this method can implement the gear fault diagnosis in a large range of variable speed situation.