气象资料数字化进展及应用

A Review for the Progesses and Applications of Historical Meteorological Data Rescuing and Digitizing over China

中国历史气象观测资料在本世纪2000年自动化观测出现前多以纸质记录为主,数量庞大、种类繁多、格式与记录方式不统一,应用处理困难。随着国内和国际上对全球气候变化研究的重视以及近年来极端天气的增多,历史气象观测资料的需求与作用凸显。要想发挥历史气象观测资料的作用,首先要实现大量纸质气象记录的数字化。20世纪70年代末至今,气象部门投入大量人力、物力和财力,持续推动历史气象观测资料的数字化工作,将数字化成果存储在电子介质上进行信息检索利用,并加工制作成数据产品提供服务。目前中国气象局气象档案馆及各省馆藏的气象记录月报表、自记纸类气象档案的数字化工作已全面开展,数据量稳步上升,整理收集各类数字化成果累计达8000余万页,制订了行业标准《气象资料拯救指南》,并进行了数字化图像在线管理与服务的有益探索。

Before the year2000,The historic meteorological observation data were often recorded on papery meteorological documents which are important foundation for meteorological researches but are complex-formatted and difficult to deal with.Recent years,especially since the end of1970’s,Many great efforts have been made to Rescuing and digitizing the papery historic meteorological archives as the rapid modernization of meteorological data management and data sharing service.The total amount of digitizing data is steadily increasing.More than80,000,000pages of meteorological observation data digitizing graphics have been scanned in color so far.The Guidelines on Meteorological data rescue(QX/T-201-2013)has been established.Some preliminary explorations of online digitizing graphic data sharing have been gradually proceeded.The digitizing technology have been briefly descripted including the standard File formats designing,color scanning,manually paper digitizing,color records curve tracing and data processing,digitizing data integrating and quality controlling.Also the rescued achievements of meteorological data,especially the long time series of meteorological data that derived from digitizing have been served.These datasets have been extensively used in analysis of climate change and many other science researches.