中国人力资本培训的投入产出研究

The Study on Input and Output of Human Capital Cultivation in China

培训是人力资本投资的重要途径。我国人力资本培训投入不断增加,培训经费和培训人数增长明显。从职业技能证书、专业技术资格的获得数量和工资收入的增长效应来看,人力资本培训的产出取得较为显著的效果。人力资本培训依然存在一些问题:培训经费投入不足,企业缺乏积极性,培训参与率低和培训时间短;偏重就业培训,技能提升培训不足;农民工(或农民)培训意愿高,但培训参与率低,培训效果不够理想;培训供给与需求存在地区错位;培训项目市场化程度不够,缺乏有效监督;与培训相关的全国性统计数据和调查研究相当缺乏。提高人力资本培训投入产出的效率要从以上不足方面努力。

It is well-known that the training other than formal education is also an important way of human capital investment.In the past20years,the input of human capital training in China generally increased,especially the number of training funds and training persons.According to the effect of wage or income growth and the acquirements of occupation skill certificates and professional technical qualifications,the output of human capital training overall also made remarkable achievements.However,the human capital training in China still exists some problems:(1)The training funds is insufficient.The enterprises are generally lack of motivation of on-the-job training.The training participation rate is lower and the training time is shorter.(2)The job induction training is more emphasized and skills upgrading training is insufficient.(3)The inclination of rural migrant workers(or farmers)to participate training is higher,but the training participation rate is lower and the training effect is therefore unsatisfactory.(4)There exists regional differences and dislocation of the supply and demand of training.(5)The training marketization degree is not enough and mature,lack of effective supervision.(6)The national statistic data and investigation in sociation with the human capital training is rather insufficient.All in all,this paper puts forward some feasible recommendations in order to update the input and output of human capital training.