一氧化二氮滥用的文献研究及风险分析

Literature Research and Risk Analysis of Nitrous Oxide Abuse

目的总结一氧化二氮滥用的研究现状,为预防一氧化二氮滥用、减少其严重危害提供参考。方法检索国内外文献数据库,回顾并总结一氧化二氮的研发和使用历史、药理学机制和临床应用、滥用的严重危害及国内外现状等。结果一氧化二氮滥用可导致维生素B12缺乏性相关疾病,引起轻度瘫痪甚至危及生命;欧洲国家一氧化二氮滥用率约为15%~40%,美国滥用率为4%~8%,暂未检索到我国滥用监测数据。结论国内外的青少年一氧化二氮滥用问题形势严峻,我国监管措施尚不完善。建议相关部门加强对一氧化二氮的管理和监测,积极避免一氧化二氮的滥用。

Objective To review the research status of nitrous oxide abuse,and provide reference for preventing the abuse of nitrous oxide and reducing its serious harm.Methods The domestic and foreign literature databases were retrieved,and the history of development and usage of nitrous oxide,pharmacological mechanism and clinical application,the harm of abuse and the situation at home and abroad were reviewed and summarized.Results The abuse of nitrous oxide could cause diseases relating to vitamin B12deficiency,lead to mild paralysis and even threaten life.The abuse rate in Europe and United States was15%~40%and4%~8%,respectively,while surveillance data of abuse in China has not been retrieved.Conclusion The abuse situation of young people everywhere was very serious,and the supervision measures in China were not perfect.To avoid the abuse of nitrous oxide,the relevant departments should strengthen the management and monitoring of nitrous oxide.