一则地方轶闻激化的经学史纷争——梁载言《十道志》与《孝经郑注》作者之争

An Academic Dispute Sharpened by a Local Anecdote

在郑玄《孝经注》大遭怀疑之际,唐代梁载言在《十道志》中既提出"康成胤孙作《孝经注》"的异说新论,又记下"康成注《孝经》"的地方传闻,前后矛盾,使《孝经郑注》作者问题节上生枝。清代《孝经郑注》作者之争再起,一批硕学名儒对"康成胤孙作《孝经注》"说加以引述、发展,进一步怀疑、否定郑玄注《孝经》。然而细作检寻,可见清代众多考据名家明知梁载言记载窒碍难通,却亟于利用,疏于考辨,为证成己说,不惜误读、臆解、妄增文字,将清代汉学中主观考证的弊端暴露无遗。《十道志》激化的经学史纷争作为典型案例,可以提醒后人审慎看待古代地理志书中的轶闻异说,并警惕清代考据名家也有可能目穷千里而失之眉睫。

When Zheng's Annotation of Xiaojing(the Classic of Filial Piety) was under suspicion for hundreds of years, Liang Zaiyang, the author of a famous geographic book Shidao Zhi in the Tang dynasty, both proposed a new idea that Zheng Xuan's descendant wrote the Annotation and recorded a local anecdote that Zheng Xuan himself annotated Xiaojing. Liang's self-contradictory accounts caused complication to the debate on the author of Zheng's Annotation of Xiaojing. Based on Liang's declaration of Zheng Xuan's descendant, many eminent scholars doubted and denied Zheng Xuan's copyright of Zheng's Annotation of Xiaojing throughout the Qing dynasty. However, in order to prove their own opinions, those scholars led to quote and misread Liang's accounts, even added words deliberately to the context, which went against the basic rules of textual research during the Qing dynasty.