生酮饮食对体重管理、肌肉合成以及运动表现的影响

Effects of Ketogenic Diets on Weight Management, Muscle Development, and Sports Performance

自20世纪20年代以来,极低碳水化合物饮食或生酮饮食疗法被应用于癫痫的治疗,甚至在某些情况下能够完全取代药物治疗。1970年以后,这种饮食疗法作为一种肥胖治疗手段而被广泛知晓。生酮饮食(Ketogenic Diets,KD)是指碳水化合物减少(通常小于20 g/d或低于每天摄入总能量的5%)而蛋白质和脂肪含量相对增加的饮食。目前认为这三大营养物质的重排可以诱导生理性酮症,进而减轻体重。近年来,许多运动员也希望通过生酮饮食减脂以取得更好的运动表现。尽管生酮饮食在体重管理方面作用显著,但它是否能够维持或提高体能表现仍不明确。文章讨论了生酮饮食的代谢效应和潜在风险,以及近期关于生酮饮食对体重减轻、肌肉合成和运动表现影响的研究进展。

Very-low-carbohydrate diets or ketogenic diets have been in use since the1920s as a therapy for epilepsy and can,in some cases,completely remove the need for medication.Since1970,they have also become widely known as one of the mostcommon methods for obesity treatment.Ketogenic diets are characterized by a reduction in carbohydrates(usually<20g/day or5%of total daily energy intake)and a relative increase in the proportions of protein and fat.It has been suggested that this macronutrient rearrangement can produce physiological ketosis,therefore reducing body mass.More recently,ketogenic diets have alsodrawn attention to athletes who desire to reduce body fat and thus to obtain the extra performance edge.Despite its appealing role in weight management,the efficacy of using ketogenic diets as a tool to maintain or improve sports performance remains to be determined.This review will discuss metabolic consequences and potential risks of ketogenic diets as well as recent research progress with regard to the effects of ketogenic diets on weight loss,muscle mass development,and athletic performance.