萨班《乐论》所体现的音乐知识体系和审美特征研究

The Musical Knowledge and Aesthetic Characteristics in Sa Pan Music Theory

萨迦班智达·贡嘎坚赞撰写的《乐论》是迄今发现的最早的一部藏族音乐理论著作。这部著作通过对过去藏族历史上传承下来的各类音乐知识系统的归纳以及当时音乐实践经验的总结,概括出了以特殊的自然环境和人文历史为背景的藏族音乐知识系统和审美理念。对藏族音乐理论的构建和实践的指导具有里程碑式的意义。《乐论》对俱声乐做了重点论述:一方面对词和曲进行了基于规律和特性两方面的分析;另一方面对词曲创作提出了基于内容和形式两方面的要求,同时对表演和欣赏提供了基于审美和习俗两方面的标准,呈现出较为完整的音乐知识体系和审美特征。

The Music Theory,written by Sa Skya Pandita kun dga rgyal mtshan,is the earliest Tibetan music theory book that still exists.The book has summed up cognitive Tibetan music system from history and also categorized practical music practices,with unique natural environment and background of Tibetan culture,the distinctive musical knowledge systems and aesthetic philosophy start to take its birth.This book thus symbolizes a great significance as it guides the construction and practice of Tibetan music theory.One the one hand,the book Music Theory has embodied the variety of music forms and rationality of music knowledge and divided music into the inherent music and the origins music.The inherent music refers to vocal and the origin of music refers to the instrumental music-which is consistent with the worldwide classification.According to the social musical phenomenon and formal feature,Music Theory presents an unabridged musical knowledge and aesthetic characteristics,with discoursing about the songs:it both analyzes the rule and character of the tunes and lyrics and requires the creation of tunes and lyrics to be based on the contents and form.In addition,it formulates regulation for performers and audiences that they ought to be complied with.The formation is not only connected with the musical practice and cognitive system,but also with the social system and people’s awareness.In this paper,these problems are discussed and the purpose of the paper is to build a Tibetan music theory system for reference.