自然保护区类社区脱贫响应及其可持续途径研究——以川滇连片特困藏区为例

The Anti-poverty Response of Nature Reserved Community and Its Sustainable Approaches: A Case Study on the Tibetan Stricken Region in Sichuan-Yunnan

自然保护区类社区具有自然资源依存度高、贫困程度深、自然资源产权虚置、遭受野生动物危害等特点。这类既是川滇藏区深度贫困乡村社区贫困的典型代表,也是脱贫攻坚的难点区和关键区。文章采用文献梳理与实证调查相结合方法,明确界定了自然保护区类社区概念及其基本特征,讨论了自然保护区与保护区类社区的多维关系以及自然保护区类社区脱贫实践,从自然保护区地理标识产品开发、建立市县级自然保护区社区发展基金、完善生态补偿制度以及设立自然保护区类科研特许制度角度实现自然保护区类社区持续脱贫和发展。

Nature reserved communities(NRC)have significant dependence on natural resources,while suffered from extreme poverty,under-utilization of natural resources and damaged crisis of wild animals,which is an extremely important type of rural community and as the prototype of extreme impoverished communities of rural Tibetan areas in Sichuan-Yunnan provences.By sorting our information documented in previous literatures and conducting empirical survey,this article provids a specific definition and characteristics of NCR,discusses about the multidimensional relationship between nature reserves and NCRs,and evaluates the actual practice of poverty alleviation in NCRs.Based on the research result,we propose that sustainable poverty alleviation in NCRs can be achieved by four means combined:developing nature reserve geographical identification products,setting up city/county-level NCR development founds,improving the ecological compensation system and initiating researcher charter in NCRs.