高空坠物致人损害案件适用《侵权责任法》第八十七条的困境及出路

Dilemma and Solutions of Article 87 of the Tort Law to the Victims Caused by Objects Falling from High Altitudes

《侵权责任法》第87条有着内在和外在逻辑上的不足,同时也混淆了抛掷物与坠落物的区别。该条文的初衷是更好的救济受害人,然而在司法实践中该条的司法效果却不是很好,受害人拿到的往往是得不到执行的判决书。但是法官在司法实践中又没有拒绝适用法律的权利,为此,在高楼抛掷物、坠落案件中法官需要依职权调查取证,尽量避免该条文的适用,甚至可以降低可能加害人"自证清白"的证明标准。同时在以后的立法上,需要在在救济受害人和避免伤及无辜间寻求平衡,拓展其他渠道来救济受害人。

The eighty-seventh article of the Tort Law has inherent and external logic deficiencies,and also confuses the difference between the throwing objects and the falling objects.The purpose of the provision is to better relieve the victim.However,in judicial practice,the judicial effect of the article is not very good,and the victim often gets the judgment which cannot be executed.But in the judicial practice,the judge can not refuse to apply legal rights,therefore,in throwing and falling,the judges need investigate and try to avoid the application of the provisions and even reduce the standard which may harm people from the certificate of innocence.At the same time,in the future legislation,it is necessary to seek a balance between victims relief and avoiding injuring the innocence,and to expand other channels to relieve the victims.