论恶意抢注老字号的法律规制

On Legal Regulation for Malicious Preemption of Time-honored Brands

随着2013年8月30日新《商标法》获得通过,规制恶意抢注的第15条(1)和第32条(2)成为新《商标法》的一大亮点。然而现行相关的法律制度并未解决老字号被恶意抢注后所面临的一定困境。例如,制度设计存在缺陷,导致企业名称权与商标权存在矛盾冲突;《商标法》在事前的预防上存在短板;《反不正当竞争法》事后救济不力等。这些法律上的困境,令老字号企业普遍感觉到维权难、防范难。笔者倾向采用未注册商标制度作为突破口,从老字号被恶意抢注的现状入手,通过对老字号维权困境进行分析,探究立法模式、行业保护和企业自治的三联动机制,形成一条可行的老字号维权出路。

With the adoption of the new Trademark Law on August30,2013,article15and article32of the new Trademark Law became a highlight.However,the existing legal system does not solve the dilemma faced by the old characters.For example,there is a flaw in the system design,which leads to the conflicts between the right of name and the right of trademark;the Trademark Law has a weakpoint in prior prevention;Anti-unfair Competition Law is not enough for the relief afterwards.These legal difficulties have made it difficult for the old companies to protect their rights.The paper inclines to use the unregistered trademark system as a breakthrough,starting with the status quo of the malicious preemption of time-honored brands,and by analyzing the plight,the three interconnected mechanisms of legislation,industry,and corporate autonomy are proposed,to form a viable way out.