胶质瘤的细胞来源研究进展

Research progress of glioma cell origin

胶质瘤是原发性神经肿瘤中最常见和最具浸润性的一种,全球发病率约为每年7/10万。即使通过积极治疗,胶质瘤也极易复发,且预后较差,患者中位生存期通常只有15~19个月,5年存活率仅5%,全球每年约18~60万中青年人因罹患胶质瘤而死亡,给社会和家庭造成了巨大的精神痛苦和经济负担。根据细胞类型的不同,胶质瘤分为星形细胞瘤、室管膜瘤、少突胶质瘤、神经元-星形细胞瘤和髓母细胞瘤。尽管胶质瘤作为当今肿瘤研究的热点之一,基础和临床研究均有较大突破,但是胶质瘤的诱变外因、细胞来源及肿瘤发生发展的机制并未得到很好的阐明,影响了最佳治疗策略的制定。特别是细胞来源问题,作为导致胶质瘤异质性的关键因素之一。

Glioma,a common primary brain tumor,is considered to be incurable,and easy to relapse.The median survival of the patients with glioma after treatment is only15to19months.The high heterogeneity of glioma is the main reason leading to poor clinical treatment,and the underlying mechanism is closely related to the cell origin of glioma.Therefore,to elucidate the cell origin of glioma is important to further study the mechanism of tumor formation and develop effective treatment programs.For a long time,studies have attempted to speculate on the cell origin of glioma based on the morphological characteristics,but agreements still haven’t been reached.This review focuses on the most probable origin cells,such as neural stem cells,astrocytes,oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and neurons.