水氮耦合对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长发育、产量及品质的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on yield and quality of pepper

【目的】通过探究不同灌水量和氮肥施用量,明确对保护地辣椒生长发育、产量和品质的影响,为辣椒生产中合理灌水和施用氮肥提供科学依据.【方法】试验设置4个氮肥水平,不施肥(F_0)为对照,F_1,F_2,F_3依次按氮肥理论利用率的150%,100%和50%进行施肥;3个基质含水率水平为W_1,W_2,W_3,分别为基质最大含水率的80%,60%,40%.【结果】不同水氮处理对辣椒的地上部生物量积累、根冠比、产量和品质有显著影响.在同(W_1,W_2)含水率条件下,随着施氮量的增加辣椒的生物量、根冠比、产量、硝酸盐、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量均呈增加的趋势,但涨幅W_2>W_1;在含水率为W_3的条件下,随着施用氮肥的增加辣椒产量下降、硝酸盐含量急剧增加,维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量均有升高的趋势,但不显著,且含量低于W_1,W_2处理;在同一氮素水平,随着基质含水率的增加,辣椒的产量和生物量显著增加,最高值分别为5 774kg/667m^2,203.33g/株,硝酸盐含量显著下降,最低为129.6 mg/kg;根冠比、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量有降低的趋势,但均不显著.【结论】基质含水率适度降低和高肥的栽培条件,有利于植株品质的提高,但产量和生物量会相对降低,综合辣椒的生长、产量和品质,在该试验条件下,中水高肥(W_2F_1)处理对辣椒互作效应最显著.

【Objective】To study the effect of different irrigation water and nitrogen levels on the yield and quality of pepper.【Method】The experiments set up4levels of nitrogen fertilizer,no fertilization(F0)as control,F1,F2and F3as the rate of150%,100%and50%of the theoretical rates of nitrogen application.The three water content levels as W1,W2and W3were80%,60%and40%of the maximum water content of the substrate.【Result】The different water and nitrogen levels have significant influence on biomass accumulation,root shoot ratio,yield and quality.Under the same moisture(W1,W2)condition,the yield,nitrate,vitamin C,soluble protein and soluble sugar contents increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the increase W2>W1.In W3treatment,with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,the yield decreased,nitrate content increased sharply.The highest values reached5774kg/667m2and203.33g/plant.The nitrate content decreased significantly,the lowest was129.6mg/kg.The content of vitamin C,soluble protein and soluble sugar increased,however,no significant difference was found.【Conclusion】The lower moisture content of substrate and the cultivation condition of high fertilizer improve plant quality,but result the lower of yield and biomass.Integrated growth,yield and quality,the interaction of water and high fertilizer(W2F1)treatment shows the best on pepper.