论中国古代亲属为人杀私和罪

“Si He” Crime When Relatives Were Killed in Ancient China

亲属为人杀私和罪初见于《唐律疏议》,其后的《宋刑统》《大明律》《大清律例》中都有相应的规定。私和的本质是通过经济赔偿代替血亲复仇的纠纷解决机制,它是人类法制发展史上的重大进步,却与中国古代封建王朝所尊奉的儒家伦理道德要求完全无法共存。私和罪的确立就是统治者为加强国家的司法管辖权结合儒家伦理道德的要求,对私和现象做出的制度回应。该罪名确立后,其适用范围不断扩大;《大明律》减轻了其法定刑;《大清律例》在加重常人私和、卑幼私和的法定刑的同时减轻尊长私和、卑幼行求的法定刑。在《后唐书》《刑案汇览》中有私和罪相关案例,明清小说中也有相关故事可以反映该罪名在中国古代的司法实践情况及人们对它的认识观念。

“Si He”Crime when relatives were killed first appeared in Tang LüShu Yi.It was inherited by Song Xing Tong,Da Ming Lüand Da Qing LüLi.The essence of“Si He”was a kind of financial compensation,it was an alternative resolution for blood revenge.It was a great improvement in history,but could not be accepted by Confucian culture.In order to strengthen jurisdiction and to safeguard Confucian culture,the ruler convicted“Si He”.The penalty to“Si He”Crime changed continually in Tang,Song,Ming and Qing Dynasty.At the same time,the application range enlarged.There were some judicial decisions and stories about“Si He”Crime when relatives were killed which showed us its operating mechanism.