真谛三藏与“正量部”研究

Paramārtha and the Study of “Sam-matīya”

真谛出身于优禅尼国,即"邬阇衍那国",而真谛所游历的诸国,尤其以乌阇衍那为中心的西印度,正是正量部的弘化区域。同时,真谛还翻译了《律二十二明了论》、《立世阿毗昙论》等正量部论书,讲注《明了论疏》,可见他对正量部僧团的戒律具有很高的造诣。在《律二十二明了论》、《四谛论》等译籍中,提出"忍、名、相、世第一"的独特四善根位,《显识论》则将其纳入熏习四方便。真谛接受正量部独特的历史时间观,如"现在劫是第九劫"、距第九劫"七百年"等说法,并且弘扬正量部的这些思想。因此,可以推测真谛所属部派应该为正量部。

Paramārtha was born in Ujayana and he traveled to many nations surrounding Ujayana in Western India,where the doctrines of sam-matīya were widely preached. Paramārtha translated a series of works of sam-matīya such as Clearly Understanding the Disciplines in 22 Verses,Abhidharm on Bring Peace to the World,and wrote and lectured on Annotations to Clearly Understanding. This shows his proficiency in sam-matīya disciplines. Proposed in Clearly Understanding and On Four Truths,the special four good roots of "endurance,name,appearance,laukikāgradharma "are included in the "four skillful means of perfumation"in Vidyanirdesa-sastra. Paramārtha accepted and preached the unique sam-matīya view of history and time,including "the present kalpa is the ninth kalpa",and there are "seven hundred years"away from the ninth kalpa. Therefore,it is plausible to conclude that Paramārtha adhered to sam-matīya.