辽朝对阻卜各部的治理述论

A Review of the Liao Dynasty's Governing of Zubo(阻卜)

阻卜是活跃于辽朝的重要民族之一。辽朝征服阻卜各部后,对其进行羁縻统治,其过程可分为三个阶段:太祖至景宗朝为第一阶段,辽朝以朝贡制度治理阻卜各部,授予阻卜豪酋官号。第二阶段为圣宗统和元年至辽道宗大安八年(983—1092),以属国属部体制管理阻卜各部,以西北路招讨司作为统辖机构。阻卜在对辽朝履行其各项义务的同时双方也不断发生战争,同时一些部落还一度与宋朝保持朝贡关系。第三阶段为道宗大安八年(1092)至辽末,辽朝在阻卜各部设置的属国属部体制崩溃,辽朝对阻卜各部的管理恢复到以朝贡为主要形式的松散状态。

Zubo( Tartar) was one of the main nomadic peoples in North of China during the Liao dynasty. After conquering the Zubo tribes,the Liao dynasty had governed them in a Jimi(羁縻)measure,which can be divided into three stages: The first stage was from the first emperor Tai Zu(太祖) to Jing Zong(景宗). The Liao Dynasty governed Zubo Tribes by tributary system and bestowed their chiefs official title. The second stage was from the first year of Tonghe(统和) of Shengzong(圣宗) to the eighth year of Da An(大安) of Dao Zong(道宗). The liao governed them as vassal states and tribes,with Xibei Lu Zhaotaosi(西北路招讨司) as its ruling institute.The third stage was from the eighth year of Da An to the end of the Liao dynasty. The vassal state and tribe system collapsed,and the governing measure changed back to the first stage— a loose measure mainly based on tributary.