真菌、花粉、尘螨致敏急性支气管哮喘患者临床特征分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of patients with acute bronchial asthma caused by fungus,pollen and dust mites

目的:分析真菌、花粉、尘螨致敏的急性支气管哮喘患者的临床特征。方法:研究收集单类变应原过敏的住院哮喘患者132例,其中真菌致敏33例,花粉致敏39例,尘螨致敏60例。比较不同致敏原患者性别比、平均年龄、吸烟率、住院时间、病情严重程度,嗜酸性粒细胞总数、FEV1及FEV1/FVC。结果:3组患者年龄、性别、吸烟、住院天数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组病情严重差异有统计学意义(U=10.578,P=0.032)。其中真菌致敏的重度比例高于尘螨致敏(χ~2=4.818,P=0.028);花粉致敏的重度比例高于尘螨致敏(χ~2=5.529,P=0.019)。各组嗜酸性粒细胞总数、TIg E、FEV1及FEV1/FVC相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:真菌致敏、花粉致敏的急性支气管哮喘患者病情相对较重,尘螨致敏者病情相对较轻。

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with acute bronchial asthma caused by fungus,pollen and dust mites.Methods:132 acute bronchial asthma patients caused by single allergen were selected as subjects,among them,33 cases caused by fungus,39 cases with pollen,and 60 cases with dust mites.Sex ratio,mean age,smoking rate,length of stay,severity of illness,eosinophil count,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were compared in three group.Results:There were no significant diffrences in age,sex ratio,smoking and length of stay in the three groups(P>0.05).The severity of the disease in the three groups was statistically significant by rank sum test(U=10.578,P=0.032).Among them,severe proportion in the fungus group was higher than that in the dust mites(χ2=4.818,P=0.028),and the pollen group was higher than that in the dust mites(χ2=5.529,P=0.019).There were no significant differences in Eos,TIgE,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:Acute bronchial asthma patients with fungus and pollen sensitization were serious and patients with dust mites sensitization were relatively mild.