10种植物精油对蓝莓病原菌的体外抑菌活性初筛

The Initial Screening of Ten Plant Essential Oils in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Blueberry Pathogens

为了开发应用于蓝莓保鲜的天然保鲜剂,采用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法对10种植物精油的抑菌活性进行鉴定,研究了植物精油对2种代表性革兰氏细菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)及蓝莓中3种有害真菌(链格孢霉、指状青霉、灰霉)的抑制能力。结果显示:肉桂精油、百里香精油对革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)抑制效果较好,肉桂精油、马尾松精油对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)有较好抑制;10种植物精油中有7种精油对3种真菌均有抑制作用,其中肉桂精油、丁香精油、八角精油、百里香精油等精油均有较强的抑真菌能力;其中,肉桂精油对真菌以及革兰氏阴性和阳性菌均有强烈抑制效果,最小抑菌浓度在0.039 1~0.156 0μL/mL之间;植物精油对真菌的抑菌效果优于细菌,可以用肉桂精油作为复配基油,添加其他精油应用于蓝莓的天然保鲜,以达到更好的抑菌防腐效果。

In order to develop natural antistaling agent for blueberries preservation,the bacteriostatic activity of10kinds of plant essential oils were conducted by Oxford cup method and tube double dilution method,and their inhibitory ability to two kinds of representative gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus)and three kinds of harmful fungus(Alternaria alternata,Penicillium digitatum,Botrytis cinerea)in blueberries were studied.The results showed that seven kinds of essential oil have antibacterial ability to three kinds of fungi,cinnamon oil,clove essential oil,anise oil and thyme essential oil have strong antibacterial effect.Cinnamon essential oil,and thyme essential oil have strong inhibitory to gram positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus);cinnamon oil and masson pine essential oil have strong inhibitory to gram negative bacteria(E.coli).Cinnamon essential oil has broad-spectrum antibacterial ability to fungi,gram-negative and positive bacteria,with the minimum inhibitory concentration by0.0391-0.1560L/mL.With strong inhibition effect on fungi,cinnamon oil can be used as a compound base oil,added other essential oils to retain freshness of blueberries,which can achieve better antibacterial and anti-corrosion effects.