新生军训常见疾病调查分析

Investigation on the Incidence of Common Diseases in Freshmen During Military Training

目的:调查分析四川某医学院新生军训期间常见疾病发病情况,为制定相应的预防措施提供科学依据。方法:采用现状调查法,通过设计的"新生军训就诊登记表"对就诊学生进行逐项登记,总结分析。结果:4 030名新生在为期2周的军训中,患病高达1 049人次,患病人次率为26.03%。其中以上呼吸道疾病(7.99%)、消化系统疾病(4.96%),皮肤病(4.44%)最为常见,其次为训练性外伤、中暑、痛经等。男女学生疾病就诊率进行比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.23,P<0.05);就诊人次在第5天达到最高峰,人次达到120人。新生健康卫生宣教后,就诊人次呈明显下降趋势。结论:大学新生因环境、饮食改变及军训体能运动消耗大,易发生呼吸、消化系统以及外伤等疾病;对新生进行常见疾病预防宣教,督促良好卫生习惯养成,提高自我防护保健意识,学校合理安排军训强度,做好后勤保障工作,是有效降低新生军训期间常见疾病的有效措施。

Objective:To investigate the incidence of common diseases in freshmen of a medical college in Sichuan during military training,and to provide scientific basis for taking corresponding measures to prevent these diseases.Methods:The current survey method was adopted and the"registration form for freshmen during military training"was designed to register for visiting students.Data were summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 4 030 freshmen participated in a two-week military training.Among them,a total of 1 049 students were sick and the prevalence rate was 26.03%.The upper respiratory disease(7.99%),digestive system disease(4.96%)and skin disease(4.44%)were the most common diseases,followed by training trauma,heatstroke,dysmenorrhea and so on.There was a statistically significant difference between male and female students in the clinical visit rate(P<0.05).The number of clinical visits reached the peak of 120 at the fifth day.After the health education,the number of clinical visits significantly decreased.Conclusions:Because of the changes of environment and diatary and expending energy during military training,college freshmen are susceptible to diseases such as respiratory disease,digestive system disease and trauma.Carrying out health education,urging the development of good hygienic habits,raising awareness of self-protection,reasonable arranging of training intensity,and providing a logistic support are effective measures to reduce the incidence of these common diseases during military training.