深海来源真菌次级代谢产物研究进展

Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Deep-Sea-Derived Fungi

深海环境复杂多样,微生物为了适应这种极端环境往往会形成独特的代谢途径,进而产生一些具有某种生理活性的结构新颖的次级代谢产物。真菌作为深海环境中的重要微生物类群之一,因其次级代谢产物出新率高、生物活性显著,近年来成为海洋天然产物研究的焦点,倍受研究者关注。本文综述了2004-2017年间发表的217个深海(>50 m)真菌来源的新颖次级代谢产物,其来源菌株广泛分布在真菌18个属,主要集中在Penicillium属(30%)、Aspergillus属(24%)、Spiromastix属(13%)和Acremonium属(7%);其结构类型包括聚酮类(99个)、生物碱类(54个)、萜类(50个)、肽类(11个)、其他类(3个);活性研究主要集中在细胞毒性、抗菌、抗病毒、抗污损等方面。

Deep-sea environmentis complex and diverse,in which microorganism can produce novel bioactive and structure secondary metabolites through their unique metabolic pathways to adapt this extreme environment.Fungi are one of the important microbial components in the deep sea,which have attracted considerable attention in recent years,as their metabolites are novel compounds high-producing and possess interesting biological activities.This review highlighted 217 new secondary metabolites produced by fungi from the deep sea(>50 m)during 2004-2017.These fungi distributed mainly in Penicillium(30%),Aspergillus(24%),Spiromastix(13%)and Acremonium(7%)of 18 genera.Their structures contained polypeptides(99),alkaloids(54),terpenes(50),peptides(11),etc.Their cytotoxic,antimicrobial,antiviral and antifouling activities have been comprehensively investigated.