蔓茎堇菜的生药学研究

Pharmacognosy study on Viola diffusa Ging.

目的对蔓茎堇菜进行生药学研究。方法采用基原鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定及理化鉴定的方法,对蔓茎堇菜的根、叶及化学成分进行初步分析。结果蔓茎堇菜叶上表皮气孔轴式为不等式;下表皮气孔多见直轴式,少数不等式。根横切面可见维管束为有限外韧型,无髓;根茎横切面维管束外侧散在大量草酸钙簇晶,可见内皮层,有髓,髓内散在大量草酸钙簇晶;叶栅栏组织细胞过主脉,海绵组织细胞形态较大,细胞间隙发达。粉末中非腺毛、导管、草酸钙簇晶及方晶多见。结论蔓茎堇菜生药学特征明显,可为其鉴定、开发利用提供参考依据。

Objective To investigate the pharmacognostic characteristics of Viola diffusa Ging.Methods Origin identification,macroscopic identification,microscopic identification and physicochemical study were carried out.Results The stomatal axes of the upper epidermis in the leaves of Viola villosum is anisocytic type,and those of the lower epidermis is straght with a few anisocytic type axes.The visible vascular bundles in the transverse section of root and rhizome were closed collateral and unmyelinated.Calcium oxalate clusters were observed outside vascular bundles and in the medulla with visible endodermis.There were palisade tissue over the major vein,and spongy tissue containing a small amount of calcium oxalate cluster in the transverse section of leaves.Nonglandular hair,catheter,calcium oxalate cluster crystal and prismatic crystals were common in the powder.Conclusion The study on the pharmacognosy of vines provided significant characteristics for the identification,development and utilization of Viola diffusa Ging.