中国制造业全球价值链分工国际比较与提升

International Comparison and Promotion of Global Value Chain of Manufacturing Industry in China

基于全球价值链牵引力指数(TFI)对中、日、美制造业全球价值链分工地位进行评价,进一步基于联合国制造业竞争力评价体系,探讨了"一带一路"区域层面制造业竞争力的地位。中国的中间产品出口主要是靠国外中间品的出口拉动作用,而本国直接出口部门对中间品的拉动作用非常低,导致中国制造业分配的利润较低,而且在全球价值链分工中依然处于弱势。但时间趋势变化方面,表明中国制造业在全球价值链分工中的地位总体是逐渐上升的。此外,中国制造业竞争力在"一带一路"国家中排名第一,制造业的竞争力排名存在"中国>东欧>东南亚>西亚>北非"的空间格局。

The present study starts with an evaluation of the position of manufacturing industry in China,United States and Japan in global value chain based on global value chain traction index(TFI).It goes further to examine the position of that in the One Belt And One Road region.It has been found out that China’s intermediate product exports are mainly driven by the export of foreign intermediates,whereas the direct export sector has a very low impact on intermediates,resulting in a small profit margin and a weak position in global value chain.But generally speaking the trend is gradually going up.Besides,the competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry ranks first among the One Belt and One Road countries.And there is a spatial distribution of China>eastern Europe>southeast Asia>southeast Asia>north Africa"in the ranking.Finally the study puts forward strategies to promote China’s position in the global value chain.