对社会科学研究方法的认识

Reflections on the Methodology of Social Science

科学的要义在于思维方式,思维方式决定了科学研究的路径和方法,也决定了科学的表现形式。现代科学是从认识论框架中成长起来的,或者说,现代哲学中的认识论为科学提供了分析性思维方式。康德是认识论哲学的集大成者。然而,在康德的同时代,还存在着一种不同于康德"批判哲学"的观念学。这种观念学包含着或者说试图建构起一种相似性思维,其中,也包含着发展出一种不同于现代科学方法的方法论体系的可能性。在工业社会的发展历程中,观念学没有引起人们的重视,因而,建立在相似性思维基础上的方法论体系没有成长起来。然而,在后工业化进程中,科学认识对象的高度复杂性和高度不确定性,决定了我们需要通过相似性思维的建构去确立一种不同于现代科学研究方法的新的方法论体系。

The essence of science lies in the mindset.The mindset determines the approach and method of scientific research,as well as the form and expression of science.Modern science developed from epistemology,or the epistemology of the modern philosophy provides analytical mindset for science.When analytical mindset appears in the form of scientific research method,it's typical form is empirical research,and quantitative research represents the extreme form of empirical research.According to Michel Foucault's theory of the Archaeology of Knowledge,Immanuel Kant epitomized the epistemology philosophy,or Kant established the dominant position of epistemology in modern philosophy,and the whole modern science developed from the framework of epistemology and reflected the analytical mindset of epistemology.However,in the era of Kant,there still exists the Ideology which deffer from Kant's Critical Philosophy.The Ideology attempts to construct an analogous mindset,which including a growing methodological framework that different to the modern scientific method.In the development process of industrial society,the Ideology didn't attract too much attention,therefore the methodological framework which based on similarity thinking hasn't sprung up.However,in the process of Post Industrialization,the high complexity and uncertainty of the scientific research's subject determines that we should construct a fresh methodological framework on the bases of analogous mindset,which differs from the modern scientific methods.