我国外来入侵生物防控科技进展

Progress in prevention and control of invasive species in China

随着全球经济一体化的发展,外来入侵生物的危害日益加重。我国针对当前各类重大外来生物的入侵,按照基础研究、共性关键技术与重大产品研发、典型应用示范3个层面,部署了一系列项目,并取得了一定成果:揭示了入侵生物的入侵特性和入侵机理,以及入侵植物与脆弱生态系统的相互作用机制;研发了重大新发农业入侵物种风险评估及防控技术,建立了生物威胁数据库和生物入侵突发事件可视化智能决策支持平台,以及重大入侵动植物的治理模式和技术体系;建立了主要入侵生物标本资源库。今后应以跨境动植物有害生物为主要目标,开展入侵扩散与成灾机制、早期预防预警、快速检测监测、识别追踪溯源、点面拦截狙击、区域防灾减灾等技术研究。

With the current trend in global economic integration,the harrn of alien invasive species is increasingly becoming a serious issue.Aiming at the threat of major invasive species,China has carried out a series of research projects on three aspects:common key technologies,major product development,and typical application demonstration.These projects resulted in understanding the invasion characteristics and mechanisms of invasive species,and the interaction mechanisms of invasive plants in fragile ecosystems.Risk assessment and control technologies for major new invasive agricultural species have been developed.Biological threat databases,a visual intelligent decision support platform for emergencies,and major management strategies and technology systems for invasive plants and animals have been established.A major invasive biological specimen repository has also been developed.In the future,cross-border animals and plants should be the main targets to carry out research on invasion and dispersion patterns,early warning,rapid detection and monitoring,identification and tracking,point interception and eradication,and regional disaster prevention and mitigation.