民初京师第二监狱研究(1913—1918年)

Study on the Second Capital Prison in the Early Republic of China(1913—1918)

京师第二监狱来源于清末的顺天府习艺所和民初的宛平监狱。在民国初年的监狱改良中,该监狱对原有设施进行了扩建,体现了近代中国监狱规模化的趋势。在监狱内部组织上,管理人员的整体素质得到提升,并形成了一套完整的管理体系,使监狱管理层的设置更具层次性。同时,监狱致力于罪犯作业的开办,使该项收入成为其最重要的经费来源。在囚犯管理方面,监狱具有一套相应的管理方法,其中尤以监狱防范方面最为完善。此外,京师第二监狱还开设各种作业,对囚犯进行劳役改造的同时,辅之以宗教教诲等多种教诲方式,促使囚犯改过自新。而这一时期该监狱对囚犯卫生医疗方面的重视,则更多地体现出民初中国监狱近代化历程中的人道情怀。

The Second Capital Prison originated from the Shuntian Prefecture Learning House in the late Qing Dynasty and the Wanping Prison in the early Republic of China.In the early years of its reform in the Republic of China,it expanded its existing facilities,which reflected the trend of large-scale prison in modern China.In its internal organization,the overall quality of managers was increased and a complete system of management formed,which made the prison management more hierarchical.In the meantime,the prison was dedicated to the operation of criminals,making it the most important source of funding.As for the management of prisoners,it had a set of corresponding management methods,which were most complete then.In addition,it also set up various kinds of assignments to supplement the labor service for prisoners'reformation with various teaching methods like religious education,so as to prompt prisoners to reform themselves.During this period,the emphasis on prisoners’health and medical care reflected the humanity in the modernization of prisons in the early Republic of China.