民国前期的护渔活动探析——以山东沿海为中心(1911—1930)

The Fishery Protecting Activities in the Early Republic of China

20世纪前期,日本持续侵夺山东渔场,将经济危机和生态恶果转嫁给中国人。1922年收回青岛后,熊炳琦和龚积柄开展对日谈判,建立水警制度,可是驻青岛的渤海舰队并未施以援手。1920年代中期,新成立的山东渔航局向日籍渔民征收交易税,限制其捕鱼范围。沈鸿烈进驻青岛后,把渤海舰队收入麾下,组织海军巡逻。受政坛动荡、军政冲突以及司法缺失所限,这些地方性护渔活动虽然暂时遏制了侵渔者,却没能阻止日本船队在1930年代卷土重来。

In the early20th century,Japan continued to plunder Shandong fishing grounds and passed economic crisis and ecological consequences onto the Chinese.After recovering Qingdao in1922,Xiong Bingqi and Gong Jibing handled the negotiations with Japan and established the water police system,but Bohai Fleet stationed in Qingdao did not help.In the mid-1920s>the newly formed Shandong Fishery Administration imposed a transaction tax on Japanese fishermen to limit their fishing range.When he came to power in Qingdao,Shen Honglie took over Bohai Fleet and organized the naval patrols.Political unrest,military conflicts and the lack of judicial control temporarily curbed Japanese fishermen,but failed to prevent the Japanese fleet from invading Shandong again in the1930s.